Canonical Library

Evergreen, maintained reference content for FHIR, interoperability, and healthcare regulation.

All

Section
regulation
Type
overview
Audience
mixed
US
CMS
interoperability

CMS Interoperability Rules Overview

Reference for CMS interoperability mandates: CMS-9115-F (2020), CMS-0057-F (2024), covered entities, data exchange APIs, compliance timelines, and penalties.

Section
regulation
Type
overview
Audience
mixed
AU
OAIC ADHA
privacy

Australian Privacy Act and Health Data

Reference overview of the Privacy Act 1988, state health records laws, My Health Record Act, and notifiable data breaches obligations for health data in Australia.

Section
regulation
Type
overview
Audience
mixed
US
CMS
interoperability

Provider Access API (CMS-0057-F)

Reference for the CMS-0057-F Provider Access API obligation: payers sharing patient data with treating providers, PDex IG, member match, data scope, January 2027 compliance, and implementation requirements.

Section
fhir
Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5

FHIR Terminology

FHIR's terminology infrastructure: CodeSystem, ValueSet, and ConceptMap resources; the four terminology operations; binding strength; and implementation patterns for coded data.

Section
fhir
Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5

CoverageEligibilityRequest and CoverageEligibilityResponse

Reference for the FHIR CoverageEligibilityRequest and CoverageEligibilityResponse resources: purpose codes, benefit discovery, authorizationRequired flag, X12 270/271 mapping, and when to use eligibility vs prior authorization.

Section
interop
Type
pattern
Audience
technical
Semantic

Medication Data Exchange

Reference guide to FHIR medication resources — MedicationRequest, MedicationDispense, MedicationAdministration, MedicationStatement — with coding, dosage, and reconciliation patterns.

Section
fhir
Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R4B R5

What is FHIR

The FHIR model explained for integrators — resources, RESTful operations, references, profiles, extensions, and which version to target.

Section
regulation
Type
overview
Audience
mixed
global
Te Whatu Ora OPC
privacy

New Zealand Digital Health Standards

Reference overview of NZ digital health standards: Privacy Act 2020, Health Information Privacy Code, Te Whatu Ora, NHI, FHIR NZ Base profiles, NZePS, and the NZ Health Terminology Service.

Section
regulation
Type
overview
Audience
mixed
US
ONC OIG
interoperability

Information Blocking Rule (ONC)

Reference for ONC's Information Blocking Rule under 21st Century Cures Act: definition, actors, eight exceptions, penalties, and enforcement mechanisms.

Section
fhir
Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5

Claim and ClaimResponse

Reference for the FHIR Claim and ClaimResponse resources: the use field semantics, key structural elements, Da Vinci PAS profiles for prior authorization, X12 278 relationship, and the Claim vs EOB distinction.

Section
interop
Type
pattern
Audience
technical
Organizational

Prior Authorization Workflow

End-to-end guide to electronic prior authorization using the Da Vinci CRD, DTR, and PAS IGs: what each step does, what provider and payer systems must implement, and CMS-0057-F compliance obligations.

Section
fhir
Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5

FHIR Search

How FHIR search works: parameter types, modifiers, prefixes, includes, sorting, pagination, and performance patterns for querying resources at scale.

Section
interop
Type
pattern
Audience
technical
Organizational

CDex — Clinical Data Exchange

End-to-end reference for the Da Vinci CDex IG: direct query, Task-based, and attachment exchange patterns; use cases for claims adjudication, prior authorization, and audit; Task workflow mechanics; and SMART Backend Services authentication.

Section
interop
Type
standard
Audience
technical
Semantic

Healthcare Data Semantics

Clinical vocabulary reference for integrators: SNOMED CT, LOINC, RxNorm, ICD-10, CPT — what each system is, when to use it, and how to approach semantic mapping.

Section
regulation
Type
overview
Audience
technical
UK
NHS England DHSC
interoperability

NHS England Digital Standards

Reference overview of NHS England digital and data standards for suppliers: DSPT, NHS number and PDS, Care Identity Service, NHS login, NHS England FHIR APIs, and supplier onboarding obligations.

Section
regulation
Type
overview
Audience
mixed
US
ONC
interoperability

TEFCA — Trusted Exchange Framework and Common Agreement

Reference for TEFCA: the ONC framework for nationwide health information exchange, Qualified Health Information Networks (QHINs), the Common Agreement, exchange purposes, and participation model.

Section
fhir
Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5

FHIR Extensions

Reference for how FHIR extensions work, when to use them, and how to design and govern extensions without breaking interoperability.

Section
fhir
Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5 STU3

Patient

Reference for the FHIR Patient resource: demographics, identifiers, administrative status, and implementation considerations for identity and matching.

Section
interop
Type
comparison
Audience
technical
Structural

Healthcare Standards Primer

Practical reference for integrators on HL7 v2, CDA/C-CDA, FHIR, X12, and DICOM — what each standard is, how to recognise it, and when to use which.

Section
interop
Type
pattern
Audience
technical
Foundational

Healthcare Interoperability: Landscape and Approach

Overview of healthcare interoperability challenges, standards landscape, integration patterns, and how to choose the right approach for your use case.

Section
regulation
Type
overview
Audience
technical
AU
ADHA Services Australia
interoperability

Australian Digital Health Standards

Reference overview of Australian digital health technical standards: ADHA, AU Base FHIR profiles, My Health Record FHIR API, NCTS, AMT, IHI/HPI identifiers, and NASH PKI.

Section
fhir
Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5

FHIR Profiling

Reference for FHIR conformance: profiles, extensions, terminology bindings, slicing, and how Implementation Guides define interoperable contracts.

Section
interop
Type
pattern
Audience
technical
Semantic

Legacy-to-FHIR Mapping

Reference for mapping legacy healthcare data models to FHIR resources, including 1:1, 1:many, and many:1 patterns and documentation expectations.

Section
fhir
Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5

FHIR References

How FHIR resources link to each other: relative, absolute, logical, and contained reference patterns, resolution rules, referential integrity, and search implications.

Section
regulation
Type
overview
Audience
mixed
US
CMS
interoperability

Patient Access API (CMS-9115-F)

Reference for the CMS-9115-F Patient Access API: FHIR-based patient data access, CARIN Blue Button, US Core, SMART App Launch, scope of required data, and compliance timelines.

Section
interop
Type
pattern
Audience
technical
Structural

Patient Identity Matching

Reference guide to deterministic and probabilistic patient matching, MPI architecture, the FHIR $match operation, and deduplication strategy for integrators.

Section
regulation
Type
overview
Audience
mixed
US
HHS
privacy

HIPAA

Reference overview of HIPAA Privacy and Security concepts for health IT builders: safeguards, minimum necessary, auditability, and common engineering considerations.

Section
regulation
Type
overview
Audience
mixed
US
ONC
interoperability

ONC 21st Century Cures Act Final Rule

Reference for the ONC 21st Century Cures Act Final Rule: FHIR API certification requirements, USCDI, information blocking prohibition, health IT certification criteria, and implementation timelines.

Section
regulation
Type
overview
Audience
mixed
UK
ICO DHSC
privacy

UK GDPR and Health Data

Reference overview of UK GDPR and DPA 2018 obligations for health data: special category conditions, controller/processor model, data subject rights, DPIA triggers, and ICO enforcement.

Section
fhir
Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5

Observation

Reference for the FHIR Observation resource: category codes, value types, component vs hasMember, US Core profiles, and implementation pitfalls for labs, vitals, and clinical findings.

Section
fhir
Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5

SMART on FHIR

SMART on FHIR authorization: EHR and standalone launch flows, scopes, PKCE, token handling, backend services, and common implementation failure modes.

Section
regulation
Type
compliance-guide
Audience
technical
UK
NHS England
interoperability

UK Core FHIR Profiles

Reference for UK Core: NHS England's national FHIR R4 profile set, UK-specific extensions, relationship to Care Connect, dm+d for medications, and conformance for NHS Digital API access.

Section
interop
Type
pattern
Audience
technical
Semantic

Clinical Data Mapping

Clinical-specific FHIR mapping reference for Observation, Condition, and Procedure resources — coding decisions, category traps, and anti-patterns unique to clinical data.

Reference materials for HL7 FHIR concepts, operations, and conformance.

Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5

FHIR Terminology

FHIR's terminology infrastructure: CodeSystem, ValueSet, and ConceptMap resources; the four terminology operations; binding strength; and implementation patterns for coded data.

Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5

CoverageEligibilityRequest and CoverageEligibilityResponse

Reference for the FHIR CoverageEligibilityRequest and CoverageEligibilityResponse resources: purpose codes, benefit discovery, authorizationRequired flag, X12 270/271 mapping, and when to use eligibility vs prior authorization.

Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R4B R5

What is FHIR

The FHIR model explained for integrators — resources, RESTful operations, references, profiles, extensions, and which version to target.

Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5

Claim and ClaimResponse

Reference for the FHIR Claim and ClaimResponse resources: the use field semantics, key structural elements, Da Vinci PAS profiles for prior authorization, X12 278 relationship, and the Claim vs EOB distinction.

Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5

FHIR Search

How FHIR search works: parameter types, modifiers, prefixes, includes, sorting, pagination, and performance patterns for querying resources at scale.

Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5

FHIR Extensions

Reference for how FHIR extensions work, when to use them, and how to design and govern extensions without breaking interoperability.

Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5 STU3

Patient

Reference for the FHIR Patient resource: demographics, identifiers, administrative status, and implementation considerations for identity and matching.

Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5

FHIR Profiling

Reference for FHIR conformance: profiles, extensions, terminology bindings, slicing, and how Implementation Guides define interoperable contracts.

Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5

FHIR References

How FHIR resources link to each other: relative, absolute, logical, and contained reference patterns, resolution rules, referential integrity, and search implications.

Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5

Observation

Reference for the FHIR Observation resource: category codes, value types, component vs hasMember, US Core profiles, and implementation pitfalls for labs, vitals, and clinical findings.

Type
reference
Audience
technical
R4 R5

SMART on FHIR

SMART on FHIR authorization: EHR and standalone launch flows, scopes, PKCE, token handling, backend services, and common implementation failure modes.

Interoperability

Reference materials for integration patterns, mapping, and data quality.

Type
pattern
Audience
technical
Semantic

Medication Data Exchange

Reference guide to FHIR medication resources — MedicationRequest, MedicationDispense, MedicationAdministration, MedicationStatement — with coding, dosage, and reconciliation patterns.

Type
pattern
Audience
technical
Organizational

Prior Authorization Workflow

End-to-end guide to electronic prior authorization using the Da Vinci CRD, DTR, and PAS IGs: what each step does, what provider and payer systems must implement, and CMS-0057-F compliance obligations.

Type
pattern
Audience
technical
Organizational

CDex — Clinical Data Exchange

End-to-end reference for the Da Vinci CDex IG: direct query, Task-based, and attachment exchange patterns; use cases for claims adjudication, prior authorization, and audit; Task workflow mechanics; and SMART Backend Services authentication.

Type
standard
Audience
technical
Semantic

Healthcare Data Semantics

Clinical vocabulary reference for integrators: SNOMED CT, LOINC, RxNorm, ICD-10, CPT — what each system is, when to use it, and how to approach semantic mapping.

Type
comparison
Audience
technical
Structural

Healthcare Standards Primer

Practical reference for integrators on HL7 v2, CDA/C-CDA, FHIR, X12, and DICOM — what each standard is, how to recognise it, and when to use which.

Type
pattern
Audience
technical
Semantic

Legacy-to-FHIR Mapping

Reference for mapping legacy healthcare data models to FHIR resources, including 1:1, 1:many, and many:1 patterns and documentation expectations.

Type
pattern
Audience
technical
Structural

Patient Identity Matching

Reference guide to deterministic and probabilistic patient matching, MPI architecture, the FHIR $match operation, and deduplication strategy for integrators.

Type
pattern
Audience
technical
Semantic

Clinical Data Mapping

Clinical-specific FHIR mapping reference for Observation, Condition, and Procedure resources — coding decisions, category traps, and anti-patterns unique to clinical data.

Regulation

Reference materials for healthcare regulation and compliance concepts.

Type
overview
Audience
mixed
US
CMS
interoperability

CMS Interoperability Rules Overview

Reference for CMS interoperability mandates: CMS-9115-F (2020), CMS-0057-F (2024), covered entities, data exchange APIs, compliance timelines, and penalties.

Type
overview
Audience
mixed
AU
OAIC ADHA
privacy

Australian Privacy Act and Health Data

Reference overview of the Privacy Act 1988, state health records laws, My Health Record Act, and notifiable data breaches obligations for health data in Australia.

Type
overview
Audience
mixed
US
CMS
interoperability

Provider Access API (CMS-0057-F)

Reference for the CMS-0057-F Provider Access API obligation: payers sharing patient data with treating providers, PDex IG, member match, data scope, January 2027 compliance, and implementation requirements.

Type
overview
Audience
mixed
global
Te Whatu Ora OPC
privacy

New Zealand Digital Health Standards

Reference overview of NZ digital health standards: Privacy Act 2020, Health Information Privacy Code, Te Whatu Ora, NHI, FHIR NZ Base profiles, NZePS, and the NZ Health Terminology Service.

Type
overview
Audience
mixed
US
ONC OIG
interoperability

Information Blocking Rule (ONC)

Reference for ONC's Information Blocking Rule under 21st Century Cures Act: definition, actors, eight exceptions, penalties, and enforcement mechanisms.

Type
overview
Audience
technical
UK
NHS England DHSC
interoperability

NHS England Digital Standards

Reference overview of NHS England digital and data standards for suppliers: DSPT, NHS number and PDS, Care Identity Service, NHS login, NHS England FHIR APIs, and supplier onboarding obligations.

Type
overview
Audience
mixed
US
ONC
interoperability

TEFCA — Trusted Exchange Framework and Common Agreement

Reference for TEFCA: the ONC framework for nationwide health information exchange, Qualified Health Information Networks (QHINs), the Common Agreement, exchange purposes, and participation model.

Type
overview
Audience
technical
AU
ADHA Services Australia
interoperability

Australian Digital Health Standards

Reference overview of Australian digital health technical standards: ADHA, AU Base FHIR profiles, My Health Record FHIR API, NCTS, AMT, IHI/HPI identifiers, and NASH PKI.

Type
overview
Audience
mixed
US
CMS
interoperability

Patient Access API (CMS-9115-F)

Reference for the CMS-9115-F Patient Access API: FHIR-based patient data access, CARIN Blue Button, US Core, SMART App Launch, scope of required data, and compliance timelines.

Type
overview
Audience
mixed
US
HHS
privacy

HIPAA

Reference overview of HIPAA Privacy and Security concepts for health IT builders: safeguards, minimum necessary, auditability, and common engineering considerations.

Type
overview
Audience
mixed
US
ONC
interoperability

ONC 21st Century Cures Act Final Rule

Reference for the ONC 21st Century Cures Act Final Rule: FHIR API certification requirements, USCDI, information blocking prohibition, health IT certification criteria, and implementation timelines.

Type
overview
Audience
mixed
UK
ICO DHSC
privacy

UK GDPR and Health Data

Reference overview of UK GDPR and DPA 2018 obligations for health data: special category conditions, controller/processor model, data subject rights, DPIA triggers, and ICO enforcement.

Type
compliance-guide
Audience
technical
UK
NHS England
interoperability

UK Core FHIR Profiles

Reference for UK Core: NHS England's national FHIR R4 profile set, UK-specific extensions, relationship to Care Connect, dm+d for medications, and conformance for NHS Digital API access.